24531174 2014 02 17 2014 04 01

1121-7138 37 1 2014 Jan New Microbiol. High prevalence of streptococcal or Epstein-Barr virus infections in children with acute non-septic monoarthritis. 81-6 To investigate associations between infections and acute monoarthritis, we performed a prospective study on 32 children consecutively hospitalized and 32 age-matched controls. Among 26 (81%) children having infections, the most frequent agents were Group A ?-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS: 53%) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV: 37.5%). Among controls, only 5 (16%) were infected with GAS and 2 (6%) with EBV (P<0.005). The most frequently involved joints were hip in 15 children and ankle in 10 children. Our study showed that acute monoarthritis in children may be frequently associated with streptococcal or EBV infections. Di Loreto Simona S Pediatric Unit and School, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy. Fabiano Cecilia C Nigro Giovanni G eng Journal Article 2014 01 15

Italy New Microbiol 9516291 1121-7138 IM Arthritis, Juvenile epidemiology microbiology virology Child Child, Preschool Epstein-Barr Virus Infections epidemiology virology Female Herpesvirus 4, Human genetics isolation & purification Humans Infant Italy epidemiology Male Prevalence Streptococcal Infections epidemiology microbiology Streptococcus pyogenes genetics isolation & purification 2013 7 16 2013 9 19 2014 1 15 2014 2 18 6 0 2014 2 18 6 0 2014 4 2 6 0 ppublish 24531174 24529294 2014 02 24 2014 04 08

0392-856X 32 1 Suppl 80 2014 Jan-Feb Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. Ultrasound imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis for the rheumatologist. S34-41 The present review provides an update of the currently available data and discusses research issues of US imaging in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This review also includes a brief description of the normal sonoanatomy of healthy joints in children in order to avoid misinterpretation. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is a quick, inexpensive, bedside method for evaluating children with no need for anaesthesiological support. Until now, the major objective in the application of US in children is to improve clinical diagnosis and patient care in daily practice. Articular disorders in children affect the epiphyseal cartilage leading to alterations in maturation and growth. US imaging allows distinguishing between synovitis and joint cartilage as well as between articular and peri-articular structures. Currently the principal applications for using US in patients with JIA include: detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, enthesitis and cartilage and bone abnormalities. US is also used to guide needle injection. To date, the role of US in therapy monitoring has not been fully established. Future topics for study include: establishing international definitions (Bmode and Doppler) for joint components in healthy children and for US findings in JIA patients, consensus on scanning protocols and scoring systems, evaluation of the role of US with power Doppler in the assessment of the real state of disease (activity/remission) and developing a specific training programme for paediatric rheumatologists performing US in patients with JIA. Collado Ramos Paz P Department of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain. paxcollado@yahoo.es. eng Journal Article Review 2014 02 17

Italy Clin Exp Rheumatol 8308521 0392-856X 0 Antirheumatic Agents IM Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use Arthritis, Juvenile drug therapy ultrasonography Child Child, Preschool Humans Joints drug effects ultrasonography Predictive Value of Tests Remission Induction Rheumatology methods Severity of Illness Index Treatment Outcome Ultrasonography, Doppler Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color Ultrasonography, Interventional 2013 7 30 2013 11 18 2014 2 17 2014 2 18 6 0 2014 2 18 6 0 2014 4 9 6 0 ppublish 7428 24529294 24449586 2014 01 22 2014 03 18 2014 03 31

2326-5205 66 1 2014 Jan Detection of enthesitis in children with enthesitis-related arthritis: dolorimetry compared to ultrasonography. 218-27 10.1002/art.38197 To evaluate the distribution of enthesitis and the accuracy of physical examination with a dolorimeter for the detection of enthesitis in children, using ultrasound (US) assessment as the reference standard. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 30 patients with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and 30 control subjects. The following tendon insertion sites were assessed by standardized physical examination with a dolorimeter and US: common extensor on the lateral humeral epicondyle, common flexor on the medial humeral epicondyle, quadriceps at the superior patella, patellar ligament at the inferior patella, Achilles, and plantar fascia at the calcaneus. Abnormal findings on US were detected most commonly at the insertion of the quadriceps (30% [18 of 60 sites]), common extensor (12% [7 of 60]), and Achilles (10% [6 of 60]) tendons. The intrarater reliability of US (kappa statistic) was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.63-0.93), and the interrater reliability was 0.81 (95% CI 0.67-0.95). Tenderness as detected by standardized dolorimeter examination had poor positive predictive value for US-confirmed enthesitis. In comparison to controls, patients with ERA reported more pain and had lower pain thresholds at every site, including control sites (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The interrater reliability of dolorimeter examination for detection of enthesitis was low (κ = 0.49 [95% CI 0.33-0.65]). Compared to US, standardized dolorimeter examination for the detection of enthesitis in children has poor accuracy and reliability. The decreased pain threshold of ERA patients likely contributed to the limited accuracy of the physical examination findings. Further research regarding the utility of US for identifying enthesitis at diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, accurately predicting disease progression, and guiding therapeutic decisions is warranted. Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Rheumatology. Weiss Pamela F PF Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Chauvin Nancy A NA Klink Andrew J AJ Localio Russell R Feudtner Chris C Jaramillo Diego D Colbert Robert A RA Sherry David D DD Keren Ron R eng 1-K23-AR059749-01A1 AR NIAMS NIH HHS United States Z01-AR-041184 AR NIAMS NIH HHS United States Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

United States Arthritis Rheumatol 101623795 AIM IM Adolescent Arthritis, Juvenile diagnosis Case-Control Studies Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Joint Capsule ultrasonography Male Pain Measurement methods Pain Threshold Prospective Studies Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Severity of Illness Index Tendons ultrasonography NIHMS553631 [Available on 01/01/15] PMC3964147 [Available on 01/01/15] 2013 6 20 2013 9 10 2014 1 23 6 0 2014 1 23 6 0 2014 3 19 6 0 2015 1 1 0 0 ppublish 10.1002/art.38197 24449586 PMC3964147 NIHMS553631